Rainbow Colored Flames Using Household Chemicals

Rainbow Colored Flames Using Household Chemicals Its easy to make a rainbow of colored flames using common household chemicals. Basically, what you need are chemicals for each of the colors, plus a fuel. Use a fuel that burns with a clean blue flame. Good choices include rubbing alcohol, 151 rum, hand sanitizer made with alcohol, lighter fluid, or alcohol fuel treatment. You can get a rainbow effect by placing chemicals directly on burning wood or paper, but sodium in these fuels produces a strongly yellow flame, which tends to overpower the other colors. Set Up the Rainbow On a fire-proof surface, line up small piles of powder for each of the colorants. You only need a small pinch of each chemical (1/2 teaspoon or less). Usually, youll run your rainbow red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet (or the opposite direction). It works best if you try to keep the colorant chemicals separate. When the fuel is added, some of the colors naturally will run together. Once the chemicals are set up, theres no hurry to light the fire. When you are ready, add fuel and then light it at one end. Youll get the most vivid coloring using methanol, but it burns hot. Hand sanitizer burns with the coolest temperature flame, but the high water content means the rainbow fire doesnt last long. Feel free to experiment. One compromise is to dampen the powders with methanol and follow up with a layer of hand sanitizer. As the fuel burns, the water will naturally extinguish the flames. The colorant chemicals are not consumed by the flames, so you can add more fuel to renew the rainbow. Table of Flame Colorants Most of the chemicals used for the project can be obtained from a grocery store. All of them are available at a superstore, like a Walmart or Target Supercenter. Color Chemical Common Source Red strontium nitrate or a lithium salt contents of a red emergency flare or lithium from a lithium battery Orange calcium chloride or mix red/yellow chemicals calcium chloride bleaching powder or mix salt with flare contents Yellow sodium chloride table salt (sodium chloride) Green boric acid, borax, copper sulfate borax laundry booster, boric acid disinfectant or insect killer, copper sulfate root killer Blue alcohol rubbing alcohol, Heet methanol, 151 rum, or alcohol-based hand sanitizer, lighter fluid Violet potassium chloride salt substitute Rainbow Fire Safety Information In addition to performing the project on a heat-safe surface, its a good idea to do it in a well-ventilated area, under a fume hood, or outdoors. There may be a small amount of smoke.Do not add fuel to the fire while it is still burning. Wait until the flames are extinguished and then add more alcohol and re-light the fire.The flames are easily extinguished by blowing them out, suffocating them (as with the lid of a pan), or by adding water.Its a good idea to wear protective eyewear and clothing, as for any science demonstration. Avoid wearing synthetic fabrics, as they readily melt if exposed to flame. Cotton, silk, and wool are good choices, or you can wear a lab coat.

The Effect of Small Firms on the UK Economy and Governmental Policy †Research Paper

The Effect of Small Firms on the UK Economy and Governmental Policy – Research Paper Free Online Research Papers The Effect of Small Firms on the UK Economy and Governmental Policy Research Paper BACKGROUND Prime Minister Tony Blair has recently unveiled a  £50m fund to back budding entrepreneurs claiming that the UK ‘needs to embrace entrepreneurs in the modern world.’ The Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, Stephen Byers, also announced details of proposals to boost enterprise and innovation in small businesses. Mr Byers said Enterprise and innovation are vital to improving Britains competitive position in the knowledge driven economy. The proposals set out in the last budget which include tax credits and incentives, indicate that the Government are working towards creating the right framework for businesses to thrive. The overall aim is to provide a stable environment and appropriate incentives for a vibrant enterprise culture. My dissertation will be based on small business marketing, as I work for a small business in the service sector and information is readily available. Areas of my studies which focus on Small and Medium Enterprises (SME’s) have become of great interest to me, especially as 55% of the UK workforce work for SME’s and 92% of new jobs created are for small firms. There are 3.6million SME’s, which employ less than one hundred people, in the UK. These firms play an increasingly important role in the success of the economy and government policies are currently being adapted to encourage entrepreneurs to become self-employed making this subject topical at the moment. I have been asked to carry out this project by the owner of Wiring Services, a local electrical contracting partnership currently employing ten people. The owner has no formal business qualifications and is striving to expand the business. RESEARCH QUESTION, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES I propose to study the following research question: A case study into Wiring Services, a local small business, and its marketing activities. The aims of this dissertation are to examine the current marketing strategy of Wiring Services, a typical local small enterprise. A critical appraisal of existing systems, processes and procedures will be carried out and recommendations offered to the owners with particular reference to how marketing can be used to drive the business forward in terms of growth. The Research Objectives: To examine the current marketing strategy of Wiring Services. To discover what motivated the owner to become self-employed and set up his own small business and what aims the owners are working towards for the business. To critically appraise existing marketing systems, processes and procedures currently in place to achieve the firm’s overall marketing strategy. To discuss the importance that maintaining customer satisfaction has in the contracting industry. To make recommendations after establishing how marketing can be used to help improve Wiring Services’ performance and to aid growth and development. This is a piece of applied research as it is ‘†¦of direct and immediate relevance to managers’ (Saunders (1997)). The small business owner will find the research useful and the management of Wiring Services will act upon its findings. This research has elements of both exploratory and descriptive studies as the study will be explore small business marketing to clarify the nature of the issue faced by Wiring Services. The critical review will be descriptive LITERATURE REVIEW Marketing is an important function for both small and large firms. In the ever-changing and increasingly competitive marketplace, firm’s that identify unfulfilled needs and wants of target markets and deliver the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than its competitors will more than likely become the successful market leader. In 1991, 96 per cent of firms in the UK employed less than twenty people and these firms accounted for around one third of non-government employment. During the 1980’s there was a significant rise in the number of self-employed people in the UK. It has been argued people are more likely to become self-employed as they find it harder to find work (Mayes and Moir, 1990). Therefore perhaps the growth of small businesses may have more to do with the labour market than an increase in entrepreneurial flair. Research into marketing in small businesses has concluded that it is frequently under-utilised and misunderstood by small business owners/managers. Carson’s study (1990) into small firms in Belfast, discovered that the marketing function is often seen as peripheral to small firm’s requirements. Many small firms, including Wiring Services, manage to achieve high turnover and profit without any formal marketing plans or systems which maybe why the small business owner often questions the importance of marketing unless there is a need for growth or expansion within the firm. However, on the other hand, conflicting information was given by Beam and Carey (1989) which suggested that small businesses are very aware of the need for marketing even if they do not always engage in its activities. The vast majority of marketing literature deals with the application of marketing and marketing planning in terms of the larger firm. Hogarth-Scott et al (1996) state that complex marketing theories and sophisticated formal processes are inappropriate to the small firm as they wouldn’t help the owners understand the markets in which they operate and the owners wouldn’t have the time or patience to digest or implement them. In small firms the owner has to be a generalist and is often involved in every decision from everyday issues such as customer enquiries and financial control to matters which arise less often such as employee recruitment. It is therefore wrong to suggest that they should become marketing specialists (Stanworth and Gray, 1991). Book sbank (1999) developed a four-phase marketing planning model to illustrate how the key marketing principles can be applied to the smaller business. SME’s must utilise the advantages they have over their larger competitors rather than dwelling on the fact that they aren’t able to gain from the same economies of scale and have severe resource constraints. SME’s are often far better at offering a friendly service as they are closer to and can talk to the customer, which is a vital source of competitive advantage (Hogarth-Scott et al 1996). As businesses move through the product life cycle stages towards growth, the need for strategic marketing planning and marketing information increases. The costs of such processes should be weighed against the increases risk and uncertainty which will result is marketing is ignored (Kenny and Dyson, 1989). This brief review of the limited amount of past research into small business marketing available suggests that marketing is important to small business owners and could help to expand firms and make SME’s more successful in the increasingly turbulent and more competitive marketplace. Success is dependant on a strong customer focus (Hogarth-Scott, 1996), therefore small business owners would be expected to understand the need for marketing strategies. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND ANALYSIS A case study approach will be adopted in which I will look at a local small enterprise in great detail. Robson (1993) defines case study as’ ‘the development of detailed, intensive knowledge about a â€Å"case†.’ The case study technique has been recommended as a useful strategy if the aim is to, ‘gain a rich understanding of the context of the research and the processes being enacted (Morris and Wood, 1991). This is particularly relevant as one of the objectives of this research study is to appraise existing marketing processes and this can only be executed successfully with a thorough understanding of the small-business marketing topic. Saunders et al (1997) suggest that the case study technique is an extremely worthwhile way of exploring existing theory. Robson (1993) states that the case study approach has considerable ability to generate answers to the questions, why, what and how. The case study approach will aid the research study as it is necessary to discover, why marketing techniques should be adopted in the small business, what techniques and theories are best adapted to the needs of the small business, and how marketing should be implemented on a day to day basis. To complete this dissertation, two ways of collecting data will be utilised by conducting both primary and secondary research. Secondary research involves re-analysing data which has been collected by somebody else for another purpose. This data may not be wholly relevant to the research question but will help me gain background knowledge in small business marketing to help meet the aims and objectives of the dissertation. Secondary data can be either internal or external. Internal secondary data is data produced within the firm for purposes other than marketing decision making (Bellenger and Greenburg 1978). Secondary data, Wiring Services collects to support its day to day operations will be readily available and access to any relevant documents such as financial statements, letters, reports and brochures will not be a problem, as I have worked there a long time and know the owners very well. However when considering validity and reliability, the accuracy of such information must be considered. External secondary data will be collected from academic journals, textbooks, newspapers, Internet sites and perhaps government publications. If the secondary data within the journals are refereed then an academic has already concluded that the data is reliable. The reliability and validity of non-refereed sources must be considering when basing decisions upon them. Sound recommendations can only be made w hen based upon a wide range of in-depth, reliable knowledge of the subject. Extensive secondary research will give the recommendations made substantial weight. New primary research will also be conducted as a part of this dissertation. To design an appropriate research strategy that will meet the aims and objectives set out previously, the information needs should first be identified. Information regarding Wiring Service’s current marketing strategies, customer satisfaction levels and the owners’ aspirations for the firm and are examples of the necessary information. The data required to produce this information also needs to be specified. Secondary data sources will be looked at first, as this is typically the least expensive approach and will provide the theoretical and academic underpinning needed to meet the objectives fully. The nature of the objectives however, require primary data to be collected which will complete the gap between the information needs and the secondary data available. There are two ways to obtain primary data, by communication (i.e. interviews) and by observation. Communication can be quicker a nd more versatile but observation is more objective and accurate. I propose to make use of both to benefit from the advantages of both methods. Case studies usually use a mixed methodology approach and various data collection methods are employed, usually interviews, observation, documentary analysis and questionnaires. This case study approach is ‘unscientific in nature’ and I have decided to make this study wholly qualitative as quantitative data is numerical, collected in a standardised manner and analysed using diagrams and statistics which isn’t suitable to meet the objectives of this study. Qualitative research is any research acquiring data which is not subject to quantification or quantitative analysis. Qualitative research is unscientific, involves small samples and you cannot generalise from it. However it is arguably cheaper and aids understanding of feelings and motivations. The majority of past research into small business marketing have also been qualitative studies. PHASE ONE An interview is a purposeful discussion between two or more people (Kahn and Cannell, 1957). In an exploratory study such as this, in-depth interviews can be very helpful to, ‘find out what is happening and to seek new insights’ (Robson 1993). I will interview the SME’s owners to collect vital contextual data regarding the firm’s current stance on marketing and where the firm sees itself going in the future. Such interviews are associated with qualitative research, and considering the nature of the qualitative information required regarding the respondents thoughts and ideas on marketing principles, I believe the interview situation will be appropriate as it is gives you the flexibility to explore the complexity of the topic. Saunders et al (1997) state that the use of interviews, ‘can help you to gather valid and reliable data which are relevant to your research questions and objectives’. Questionnaires would not be appropriate as responses are usually restricted to the options given and additional questions, which crop up as a result of an interesting answer can’t be immediately asked. With in-depth and semi-structured interviews validity is concerned with the extent to which the res earcher has gained full access to the knowledge and meanings of informants (Easterby-Smith (1991)). High levels of validity are possible with carefully constructed qualitative interviews and to achieve this I will use informant verification. Written accounts of the transcribed interview findings, which will include my own conclusions, will be presented to the interviewees for them to verify the content. This is a form of triangulation and also may bring up new ideas and interpretations, which didn’t immediately occur to the interviewer. Ethnocentrism will be avoided because if any conclusions are incorrectly assumed from what is said, the interviewee has the opportunity to correct the mistake. Reliability is concerned with whether similar results would be obtained if different researchers conducted similar research. In this case, whether alternative interviewers would discover similar information. Therefore interviewer, interviewee and response bias should be eliminated as much as possible and this isn’t drawn attention to in the paper. Reliability is a concern of non-standardised research methods such as in-depth interviews. However, the results are not really intended to be repeatable, as they reflect reality at the time they were collected, in a situation which may be subject to change (Marshall and Rossman 1989). Customers will also be interviewed using a semi-structured technique to ascertain how effectively Wiring Services are meeting the needs of their customers and to take note of any improvements that could be made. Depending upon how many customers take the time to be interviewed, this information may be more efficiently gathered using a focus group or group interview methodology. This will save time and money and also has the benefit of allowing a variety of points of view to be made and the group of around 8-10 people can respond and discuss their views. As only one SME will be investigated, it is highly questionable whether this sample is representative of the whole population. ‘Generalisations about populations from data collected using any sample are based on probability’ (Saunders (1997)). Therefore, the larger the sample size, the more the results can be generalised from. However generalisation is not usually central to the purpose of qualitative data. PHASE TWO The first phase will consist of an ongoing participant observation process. Participant observation is qualitative where ‘the researcher attempts to participate fully in the activities of subjects and thus become a member of the group or organisation (Saunders 1997). It is used to attempt to get to the root of ‘what’s going on’. Having worked for Wiring Services for 17 months full time whilst on placement and part time for almost two years advantage will be taken of the access to information. Here it will be discovered if the intended marketing strategy of the firm is actually carried though and delivered. A diary will be kept of any useful information relating to the marketing processes the firm adopts and any spoken reference made to the topic. Robson (1993) suggests that data collected in this manner be classed as ‘descriptive observation’ and a ‘narrative account’. The owners will be aware of my research as they commissio ned it and have said that they won’t mind me taking notes as and when information arises. This will mean that primary observations will be made and notes taken of events as they happen in a diary. Saunders 1997, states that with participant observation research, data collection and analysis is part of the same process. The rough diary notes will be written up in a more systematic manner with the emphasis on generating a theory to help understanding of ‘what is going on’. Qualitative analysis is problematic, as there is no standardised approach to it. All qualitative data will be analysed in order to understand and manage it. Key themes and patterns will be identified for further exploration to allow me to draw conclusions and make recommendations. This will be done by adopting a phenomenological approach which will not involve categorising or coding the qualitative data as the nature of the information gathered is specific to one company and these approaches aren’t relevant. Transcripts and notes from the qualitative interviews and observations will be used and thoroughly read and re-read them making keynotes from them. In order to make full recommendations of how and if marketing can help the firm expand and grow it is important to establish the firms current position in the marketplace. Information gathered from both the interviews and observations will be applied to Porter’s Model of competitive behaviour to establish if the mo st useful strategy is currently adopted. SWOT and PEST analyses will give an insight into the external environment in which the firm operates and the opportunities and threats posed by external sources. TIMESCALE There is only one deadline for this piece of research, which is the final submission date. In order to manage the time available most efficiently and to avoid stress a gantt chart has been constructed and is contained in appendix 1. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Access to internal information should not be a problem as the owners of Wiring Services fully support this research project. Therefore all observations are overt and no secrecy will be involved. However some of the internal secondary data which I will collect such as financial information may be of a sensitive nature and it is important to keep this information 100% confidential, private and away from individuals who are not permitted to gain such knowledge including other employees. I have already been granted permission to interview the firm’s customers. Throughout the interviews questioning shouldn’t be over-zealous and the situation shouldn’t be stressful for the interviewees. Interviews will be arranged at times suitable to all parties to avoid conflict. The interviewees will be given the right to decline to answer some questions if they prefer. RESOURCES In terms of a budget for this research study, all elements will be relatively inexpensive with no postage costs. Arranging interviews with customers will be carried out over the telephone and permission has been given to use the phone in the office for this purpose. The major cost may be time from work taken out to conduct interviews and focus groups, this will cost Wiring Services money, however the benefits of the study far outweigh this cost. Travel to customers offices’ will be covered by company expenses in the researchers company car. CONCLUSION According to Johnson (1994), research should be: ‘A focused and systematic enquiry that goes beyond generally available knowledge to acquire specialised and detailed information, providing a basis for analysis and elucidatory comment on the topic of enquiry.’ This can be interpreted to mean that all research, whether applied or academic, should be carefully planned and structured with a clear methodology to provide new information which will enlighten the reader. Research Papers on The Effect of Small Firms on the UK Economy and Governmental Policy - Research PaperOpen Architechture a white paperAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaThe Project Managment Office SystemDefinition of Export QuotasPETSTEL analysis of IndiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesResearch Process Part OneTwilight of the UAWMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of Self

Motion and Movement

Motion and Movement Motion and Movement Motion and Movement By Mark Nichol If a word begins with mot- or mov-, chances are that it refers to literal or figurative motion or movement. This post describes many such words. Motion and movement themselves are exemples of this class of word, which stems from the Latin verb movere, meaning â€Å"move.† (The connection for motion and other mot- words is that they derive from motus, the past participle of movere.) Motion and movement both mean â€Å"a change in place or position† and can also refer to physical activities and gestures. Motion also refers to an application or proposal made during a meeting or legal proceedings, and movement also describes an organized effort to achieve a goal or a distinct part of a musical composition. Motion is also a verb describing a signaling gesture or, in a legal context, making a motion. The verb form of movement is move, although move can also itself serve as a noun, referring to changing the position of a game piece or otherwise taking a turn during a game; it is also a synonym for maneuver, as in the phrase â€Å"making a move.† Mutiny, meanwhile, originally meaning â€Å"revolt† but later coming to denote an insurrection of military personnel, also ultimately derives from movere. Moment is, like mutiny, a word with a disguised shared ancestry; it derives from movere by way of movimentum. It generally refers to a brief portion of time or the present time, or a distinctive period, but on its own and as the basis of the adjective momentous, it also has the connotation of importance. (Moment also applies in specialized senses to physics and statistics.) Something that can be moved is mobile and has the capacity of mobility (motile and motility also have this sense); the antonyms are immobile and immobility. Mobile, in addition to referring to a piece of kinetic, or moving, art, is the second element in the compound automobile, the formal alternative to car (which derives from carriage), which is sometimes truncated to auto. Automobile literally means â€Å"self-drive† (in the sense of the driver operating the vehicle himself or herself, rather than the car driving itself, though technology for the latter has been developed). Coinages such as bookmobile (the name for a mobile bookstore or library) and bloodmobile (the name for a mobile laboratory for drawing blood to be donated), as well as snowmobile, have been derived in imitation. Automotive is the adjective pertaining to automobile. To remove is to change the location of something or take it away or eliminate it, and the word is also a noun meaning â€Å"a distance or degree of separation.† Removal is the action or process of removing something. Something that can be removed is described as removable, and the quality of the ability of something to be removed is removability or removableness, though such usages are rare. A motor is a device that enables an object to move or otherwise operate; that word is the first element of compound nouns such as motorboat and motorcycle (and motormouth, slang for a talkative person), as well as the altered compound motocross, which refers to a motorcycling sport and races in that sport. An associated adjective is motive, which describes causing motion. As a noun, motive means â€Å"a reason to do something.† Motive is also a verb, albeit a rare one; its meaning is identical to that of motivate, which means â€Å"give a reason to do something†; motivational is the adjectival form. Commotion (literally, â€Å"with motion†) and emotion (literally, â€Å"out of motion†) both originally meant â€Å"agitation,† but the former word came to mean â€Å"a disturbance,† while emotion eventually applied to mental reactions to stimuli. Emotional and emotive are adjectival forms, emotionally and emotively are the corresponding adverbs, and emote is the pertinent verb, while the slang word emo applies to a subgenre of punk music emphasizing anguish and screamo is a more intense variant. Commotion, by contrast, has only the rare verb form commove. Promotion (literally, â€Å"forward movement†) refers to advancing something by advocating for or publicizing it or advancing someone by giving the person greater authority and responsibility; the verb form is promote, and promotional serves as an adjective in the former sense. Premotion is a rare word referring to movement before another movement, sometimes in the religious context of a divine impetus to act. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Signs and Symbols You Should KnowBody Parts as Tools of MeasurementI wish I were...

Genghis Khan's Conquest and its impact on the Society Essay

Genghis Khan's Conquest and its impact on the Society - Essay Example Genghis Khan was first called Temjin in honor of a Tartar enemy his father had recently defeated. When the boy was nine, he was betrothed to Brte, who belonged to the Konkirat tribe - according to the rules, he was supposed to live there until he reached the marriageable age of 14. But rival tribal members killed his father, therefore, Temjin returned to his family. This gave Temjin a claim to be the clan's chief, though his clan refused to be led by a boy and soon abandoned him and his family. They were forced into exile: for the next few years, Temjin and his family lived the life of impoverished nomads, surviving primarily on marmots and other small game. They barely survived the harsh winter, but then, another tribe raided their camp and took Temjin prisoner, placing a heavy wooden collar around his neck to prevent escape. However, Temjin managed to free himself, return to his tribe, and by his early teens, gain the reputation as a furious warrior. Around the age of 16, Temjin at last married Brte, thus he began to forge cooperation among the many clans and tribes through diplomacy. While the number of the young leader's alliances were still small, a rival tribe, the Merkits, raided Temjin's camp and kidnapped his wife. Temjin called on his friend and later rival, Jamuka, for aid. ... He then allowed survivors to choose between joining his forces or being put to the sword. Another key to his success was an alliance with his father's blood brother (anda), Toghril Ong-Khan, Khan of the Keraits, which were another tribe. Eventually, relations between Temjin and Toghril soured (as with Jamuka), which led to a war that left Temjin victorious. Thus, during this period he endured many hardships, the years between 1185 and 1206 were the most difficult years in his life. Nevertheless, it only made him stronger - using his personal charisma, and strong will Temjin managed to unite the tribes into a single federation by 1206. It was a turning point for the Mongols, who had a long history of internecine, dispute and economic hardship. At a Kurultai, a council of Mongol chiefs he was acknowledged as "Khan" of the consolidated tribes and took the name Genghis Khan (variously defined as "Universal Lord," "Rightful Lord," or "Precious Lord", Oceanic Ruler or Resolute Ruler) (Man 49, 204; Ratchnevsky 5-37; Weatherford 10-37, 92). 2. Years of conquest. Although Genghis Khan now ruled the whole Mongolia, he was not content to remain there. At the time of the Kurultai, when Genghis obtained his title, the Mongols were involved in a dispute with the Tangut Empire of Xi-Xia (it comprised much of northwestern China and parts of Tibet), which demanded tribute from them. This campaign lasted form 1207 until 1210 with the Xi-Xia ruler submitting to Genghis Khan. In 1211, Genghis Khan led his armies against the Jin (or Chin) Dynasty that ruled northern China in order to prevent them from challenging the Mongols for territory and resources. The Mongol army crossed the Great Wall of China in 1213, and in 1215 Genghis besieged, captured, and sacked the Jin capital of

Discuss the themes expolred in George Eliot's Adam Bede Essay

Discuss the themes expolred in George Eliot's Adam Bede - Essay Example She lived in a male dominated society and which is why she was forced to satisfy her desire of writing by acquiring a Pseudonym, which was again a male name â€Å"George Eliot†. She was a rebel and her novels were not fantasies but were based on real life experiences. In this novel she has explored various themes like – Class Discrimination, Love, Motherhood, Identity of Women, Human Infanticide, Industry, Nature, Adultery and Reputation in the society. Every character in Eliot’s novel bears some kind of significance. Each one possesses certain traits that make readers understand how a person should be or should not be. As every character unfolds in the novel, we find how skillfully, Eliot has dealt with different themes or issues in the form of events or happenings in the lives of those characters. Every character is the personification of every theme, which the writer intends to convey to the readers. Adam Bede, the protagonist of this novel is a carpenter by profession. He is a very lovable character, good looking and is a true moralist. He is described to have extra-ordinary skills in carpentry. He falls in love with Hetty Sorel, the orphaned niece of Mr. Poyser. Mr and Mrs. Poyser feel that Hetty and Adam would make a good match, as they both belong to the same social class. On the other side, Captain Arthur Donnithorne, who is the grandson of the Squire Donnithorne also is in love with Hetty. He is physically attracted towards her but suddenly changes his mind and thinks that it would not be good to continue his courtship with Hetty, who belongs to a lower class than his. Hetty too loves Arthur and dreams of marrying Captain Arthur and becoming a gentlewoman. She dreams of the riches and the respect she would be getting after marrying Arthur. Thus we come to know that marriage was moreover based on social class than love. Before marrying every person thought of the reputation or the standard of his or her partner. Thus we see that Eliot has

Why the Labout Party Took Long to Make Itself Electable after 1979 Essay

Why the Labout Party Took Long to Make Itself Electable after 1979 - Essay Example The Labour party was founded on democratic socialism. As a result, it had close affiliations with trade unions (Lyman 1957). As a matter of fact, the party was founded so as to fight for the rights of the workers. The party rose from its humble beginnings in 1990 to form its first government under Prime Minister Clement Attlee. Labour party was in office from 1945-1951. This government was the most radical of all British governments to have come into office in the 20th Century. It strived to implement the theories espoused by John Maynard Keynes, among others. This government nationalized key industries where it had majority stake. An example of such industries was banking; where the bank of England was taken back by the government. The same case happened with mining, telecommunications and transport, steel, railway and canals industries. They believed the government had to have a hand in the running of vital industries, an idea that seems so out of place in the era of rapid privatiz ation (Lyman 1957). The Attlee government also instituted the N.H.S (National Health Service). This is a program of socialized medicine that is the envy of the world today. This scheme made affordable healthcare accessible to the extremely poor people in the society. The Attlee government was also behind the slow dismantling of the British Empire. Independence was granted to several colonies, most notably India, the jewel in Britain’s imperial crown. The party went on to lose the 1951 general election to the Conservatives, and spent several years in opposition until Labour’s Harold Wilson was elected Prime Minister in 1964. Harold Wilson’s administration also reinforced the idea of ‘labour’ as the true Leftist party by putting in place sweeping social and educational reforms. Key among them was the legalization of abortion and homosexuality. On the educational front, comprehensive education was made accessible to millions through the creation of the Open University. This is another idea that has been replicated by the rest of the world. Even with such positive changes, Labour party was voted out of office in 1970. The party had inherited a large trade deficit that triggered a currency crisis in which the pound was severely weakened. The party was to return to power again in 1976 under James Callaghan. This administration was tirelessly trying to battle the economic crisis present at that time. It ruled with a slight majority in the Commons. Internally, the party was split down the middle over Britain’s membership of the European Economic Community, E.E.C. The issue had to go to referendum. The public showed its overwhelming support for Britain’s continued membership with a two thirds majority. By this time, inflation stood at a staggering 23%. The government successfully lowered inflation by a policy of wage restraint to a rate of 7%. However, this brought cracks in the relationship between Labour and the trade u nions who wanted wages to move only in one direction, up. To shelter ordinary Britons from this economic storm, the Labour government presided an era of rising pensions coupled with massive subsidies on food items (Lyman 1957). This was aimed at to protecting the tiny incomes that had already been decimated by inflation in the rest of the economy. The government sauntered on and introduced several welfare schemes to protect the extremely poor. Pensions of the disabled were significantly increased, and employment legislation ensured that people could be hired even for a short time. Pregnant women were also granted leave. Workplace inspection was prioritized to prevent workers from hazardous working conditions. Unfair dismissal was also curbed through Industrial Tribunals. While the

Juvenile Runaways Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Juvenile Runaways - Essay Example Sometimes police deal with juvenile runaways in cases pertaining to child abduction, child abandonment, child abuse or neglect, underage drinking, child sexual exploitation, prostitution, shoplifting, drug dealing, murder and many such illegal activities. 'According to data compiled by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 4.5 million children "regularly" use tobacco products, and 20 percent use alcohol.'(Daniel Macallair) The example of a thirteen year old girl, Helen who has already killed a man is frightening. She ran away from her aunt's house to stay with a gang. 'I was with my homies and we saw one of the MS scum who had killed my homegirl,' Helen recalls. 'I stuck this knife into his back and he fell. We kicked him and crushed his head with a brick. Then we pushed his body into a ditch. I was covered in blood. Revenge is sweet,' she said. Her friends smiled. (Sandra Jordan, 2002) Another example is of two juvenile runaways who were trying to illegally immigrate to the US along with a kidnapper. 'Yuma Sector Border Patrol agents rescued two juvenile runaways and arrested an alleged kidnapper Monday after they entered the United States without having been inspected at a port of entry.'(Yuma news) These sorts of incidences are not uncommon these days. The term 'runaway' is specially identified with juveniles when they are absent from home or substitute care, for example placements, such as foster care or group homes without permission. Runaways were once believed to be juveniles seeking adventure or rebelling against mainstream values and the authority of their parents. But more recently, runaways have been regarded as victims of dysfunctional families, schools, and social service institutions. Runaways are usually running away from a problem they do not know how to solve, rather than "running to" an environment they imagine being more relaxed and exciting. "There were approximately 1.7 million juvenile runaway episodes in 1999. In 1999, 150,700 juveniles were arrested for running away. Only about one-third of these juveniles were actually "missing," meaning that their parents or caretakers did not know where they were and were concerned about their absence. Only about one-fifth of all runaway episodes were reported to police. Most runaways are older teenagers, ages 15 to 17, with only about one-quarter ages 14 and younger. Juveniles of different races run away at about the same rates and boys and girls run away in equal proportions. Although juveniles from all socioeconomic statuses run away, the majority are from working-class and lower-income homes, possibly because of the additional family stress created by a lack of income and resources. Blended families also experience additional stress, which may explain why juveniles living in these settings are also more likely to run away. Runaway rates are similar for juveniles in urban, suburban, and rural settings." (Kelly Dedel, p1) The law enforcement officers encounter runaways, whether reported missing or not, through a number of activities, for example while patrolling areas where runaways congregate or while investigating missing persons reports, or during criminal investigations in which juveniles were either perpetrators or victims. Despite their interest in protecting children's safety, police often assign a low priority to